Now’s the time to inspect your yard—especially if you have pets. Toxic cane toads are a growing concern across Florida, posing a serious risk to dogs and cats.

These invasive toads secrete a potent toxin from large glands on their shoulders when threatened. If a pet bites or licks one, it can become seriously ill—and even die—within just 15 minutes, according to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC).

Unlike venomous creatures, cane toads don’t bite or sting. The danger comes from this invasive species’ toxin being ingested.

Cane toads are easily recognized by their short, squat bodies and lack of sticky toe pads, which means they don’t climb. They tend to live in urban and agricultural areas, often near water where they breed. Just one female can lay up to 30,000 eggs—twice a year, according to Lindsey Floyd of Pesky Varmints.

If you spot a cane toad on your property, it’s legal—and encouraged by FWC—to humanely remove and kill them. Paige Konger-Henry, co-owner of the Tarpon Springs Aquarium and Animal Sanctuary, recommends freezing as the most humane method.

“I suggest using something like a dustpan or your hand inside a plastic bag for capture,” Konger-Henry said. “Then, place the toad in the freezer. It’s a humane way to ensure it doesn’t harm anyone else’s pet or child.”

However, it’s crucial to avoid killing Florida’s native southern toads, which are often mistaken for cane toads. Experts say to look for a flat, shield-shaped head—that’s a key identifier of a cane toad.

Though they are most common in South Florida, sightings have been reported in Central Florida and the Tampa Bay Area. Konger-Henry even keeps one at her aquarium for educational purposes.

To help keep cane toads away, keep your yard clean and dry. Trim shrubs so branches don’t touch the ground, remove debris, and fill in holes around structures. Eliminate standing water and sources like dripping hoses or pet bowls.

Never leave pet food or scraps outside, as cane toads are scavengers and will be attracted to the easy meal.

If you think your pet has come into contact with a cane toad, immediately wipe out their mouth with a damp cloth and seek veterinary care right away.

Interestingly, some animals—such as chickens, certain birds, and snakes—are immune to the toxin and may prey on cane toads.

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